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	Comments on: Sissy Boy Experiment, Part 3 &#8211; Nicolosi defends reparative therapy	</title>
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	<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/</link>
	<description>A [retired] college psychology professor&#039;s observations about public policy, mental health, sexual identity, and religious issues</description>
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		<title>
		By: Jayhuck		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-94944</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jayhuck]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 22:23:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-94944</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[George,
I have to say I love it when people throw up a single (or a few authors) that may be progressive but seem, for whatever reason, to support a more conservative view, and suggest that this somehow makes the opinion balanced or relative.  LOL.   What does &quot;liberal persuasion&quot; mean anyway?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George,<br />
I have to say I love it when people throw up a single (or a few authors) that may be progressive but seem, for whatever reason, to support a more conservative view, and suggest that this somehow makes the opinion balanced or relative.  LOL.   What does &#8220;liberal persuasion&#8221; mean anyway?</p>
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		<title>
		By: Warren		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-93213</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Warren]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:39:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-93213</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91726&quot;&gt;George Ribble&lt;/a&gt;.

George - I have compared the repressed memory scandal to reparative therapy. There are several parallels. Reparative therapy has very little empirical backing but is based on psychoanalysis as was repressed memory therapy. Psychoanalysis is resistant to testing because the concepts change with the client and the therapist. Some behaviors can mean two things at once to analysts. Analysts believe they can inferred past events from present behavior which is exactly what repressed memory therapists and reparative therapists do. Both therapists tend to use their experience versus research. They also rely on several cases to divine a general trend.
Therapists can do good things and treatment may fail. I understand the concept, however, I would say that the therapist did not successfully help his/her client. The point is to do the right kind of good things at the right time. Society demands a better answer than &#039;I followed my protocols correctly and did good things.&#039;
Nick Cummings is a mentor to me and a good friend. I have his book and have interviewed him several times and written about him in the national press. One of my great puzzles is that Nick has not written against reparative therapy. I know he believes that therapy can assist a small number to alter sexuality (about 13% from the numbers he gave me) but he does not think that reparative drive theory explains homosexuality in general. Like Nick I think a small percentage of men and women who engage in homosexual behavior are basically straight or bisexual  and therapy may help them realize a more heterosexual adjustment.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91726">George Ribble</a>.</p>
<p>George &#8211; I have compared the repressed memory scandal to reparative therapy. There are several parallels. Reparative therapy has very little empirical backing but is based on psychoanalysis as was repressed memory therapy. Psychoanalysis is resistant to testing because the concepts change with the client and the therapist. Some behaviors can mean two things at once to analysts. Analysts believe they can inferred past events from present behavior which is exactly what repressed memory therapists and reparative therapists do. Both therapists tend to use their experience versus research. They also rely on several cases to divine a general trend.<br />
Therapists can do good things and treatment may fail. I understand the concept, however, I would say that the therapist did not successfully help his/her client. The point is to do the right kind of good things at the right time. Society demands a better answer than &#8216;I followed my protocols correctly and did good things.&#8217;<br />
Nick Cummings is a mentor to me and a good friend. I have his book and have interviewed him several times and written about him in the national press. One of my great puzzles is that Nick has not written against reparative therapy. I know he believes that therapy can assist a small number to alter sexuality (about 13% from the numbers he gave me) but he does not think that reparative drive theory explains homosexuality in general. Like Nick I think a small percentage of men and women who engage in homosexual behavior are basically straight or bisexual  and therapy may help them realize a more heterosexual adjustment.</p>
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		<title>
		By: George Ribble		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91742</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[George Ribble]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91742</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&lt;blockquote&gt;StraightGrandmother# ~ Jul 27, 2011 at 3:31 pm
George Ribble &#8211;
(1) homosexuality is a developmental issue where psycho-social growth has gone off the track from its normal progression;
What does that mean George? Is it a disorder that is part of a disease? What is the medical terminology for an &quot;issue?&quot;
Please state if homosexuality is a disease or not.
What you do is use a lot of words in order to avoid answering a simple question.
I simply wish for you to answer the question, and no you are not clear. To be clear the 2 choices are
Homosexuality IS a disease
Homosexuality IS NOT a disease.
Thank you George Ribble I await a short answer from you.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
StraightGrandmother--I understand homosexuality to be a developmental disorder where psycho-social growth has gone off the track from its normal progression.  The terms &quot;developmental issue&quot; and &quot;developmental disorder&quot; are used interchangeably in the mental health field.  They are considered to be Axis II diagnoses. Sorry for the confusion.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>StraightGrandmother# ~ Jul 27, 2011 at 3:31 pm<br />
George Ribble &#8211;<br />
(1) homosexuality is a developmental issue where psycho-social growth has gone off the track from its normal progression;<br />
What does that mean George? Is it a disorder that is part of a disease? What is the medical terminology for an &#8220;issue?&#8221;<br />
Please state if homosexuality is a disease or not.<br />
What you do is use a lot of words in order to avoid answering a simple question.<br />
I simply wish for you to answer the question, and no you are not clear. To be clear the 2 choices are<br />
Homosexuality IS a disease<br />
Homosexuality IS NOT a disease.<br />
Thank you George Ribble I await a short answer from you.</p></blockquote>
<p>StraightGrandmother&#8211;I understand homosexuality to be a developmental disorder where psycho-social growth has gone off the track from its normal progression.  The terms &#8220;developmental issue&#8221; and &#8220;developmental disorder&#8221; are used interchangeably in the mental health field.  They are considered to be Axis II diagnoses. Sorry for the confusion.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Jayhuck		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91743</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jayhuck]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91743</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[George,
&lt;blockquote&gt; If you&#039;re going to remove a diagnosis from the DSM do it correctly, not fraudulently&lt;/blockquote&gt;
I&#039;m not sure what you would have had them do.  It took nearly a year of debate and discussion for homosexuality to be removed.  The science was reviewed and it could not support maintaining same sex orientation as a disorder.  Your attempts at distracting from the facts by using words like &quot;politics&quot; and &quot;fraudulent&quot; to describe the entire process, are just that, distractions]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George,</p>
<blockquote><p> If you&#8217;re going to remove a diagnosis from the DSM do it correctly, not fraudulently</p></blockquote>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure what you would have had them do.  It took nearly a year of debate and discussion for homosexuality to be removed.  The science was reviewed and it could not support maintaining same sex orientation as a disorder.  Your attempts at distracting from the facts by using words like &#8220;politics&#8221; and &#8220;fraudulent&#8221; to describe the entire process, are just that, distractions</p>
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		<title>
		By: George Ribble		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91737</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[George Ribble]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91737</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&quot;Mr. Doyle&#039; letter did not cite the source of the Superior Court ruling. Since the editors at the &quot;Post&quot; did not rebuttal this piece of information, I took it at face value.&quot;
Well, I can find no such ruling. In fact, I wasn&#039;t able to find any rulings dealing with sexual orientation and protected classes in 2009 from the DC courts. And nothing at all dealing with &quot;ex-gays&quot;.
__________________
Ken--The link below will bring up a news item in the &quot;Washington City Paper&quot;  reporting that the D.C. Superior Court ruled that ex-gays are a protected class in the Distric of Columbia.  In the third paragraph of the article there is a link to the actual court opinion.  The judge confirmed on page 12 of his opinion that ex-gay was a recognized, and therefore protected, group/class under the D.C. Human Rights Act.  According to the &quot;Washington City Paper&quot; ex-gay is defined as individuals who previously practiced gayness, and now prefer to practice heterosexuality.  That definition works for me.
______________
P.S. I&#039;m not sure that after I post this comment if the link below will open.  Other links that I see on this blog appear in red print, and open easily.  If the link below does not open I would appreciate it very much if someone would coach me through the proper procedure to post a link on this blog.  Thank you.  GR
  http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/sexist/2009/08/25/ex-gays-protected-under-dc-human-rights-act/]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Mr. Doyle&#8217; letter did not cite the source of the Superior Court ruling. Since the editors at the &#8220;Post&#8221; did not rebuttal this piece of information, I took it at face value.&#8221;<br />
Well, I can find no such ruling. In fact, I wasn&#8217;t able to find any rulings dealing with sexual orientation and protected classes in 2009 from the DC courts. And nothing at all dealing with &#8220;ex-gays&#8221;.<br />
__________________<br />
Ken&#8211;The link below will bring up a news item in the &#8220;Washington City Paper&#8221;  reporting that the D.C. Superior Court ruled that ex-gays are a protected class in the Distric of Columbia.  In the third paragraph of the article there is a link to the actual court opinion.  The judge confirmed on page 12 of his opinion that ex-gay was a recognized, and therefore protected, group/class under the D.C. Human Rights Act.  According to the &#8220;Washington City Paper&#8221; ex-gay is defined as individuals who previously practiced gayness, and now prefer to practice heterosexuality.  That definition works for me.<br />
______________<br />
P.S. I&#8217;m not sure that after I post this comment if the link below will open.  Other links that I see on this blog appear in red print, and open easily.  If the link below does not open I would appreciate it very much if someone would coach me through the proper procedure to post a link on this blog.  Thank you.  GR<br />
  <a href="http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/sexist/2009/08/25/ex-gays-protected-under-dc-human-rights-act/" rel="nofollow ugc">http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/sexist/2009/08/25/ex-gays-protected-under-dc-human-rights-act/</a></p>
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		<title>
		By: StraightGrandmother		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91733</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[StraightGrandmother]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91733</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Madison I am still waiting your response in this topic,
/2011/06/21/mohler-says-evangelicals-have-not-told-the-truth-about-homosexuality-afas-bryan-fischer-proves-the-point/]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Madison I am still waiting your response in this topic,<br />
/2011/06/21/mohler-says-evangelicals-have-not-told-the-truth-about-homosexuality-afas-bryan-fischer-proves-the-point/</p>
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		<title>
		By: Warren		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91734</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Warren]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91734</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[George - I think Nicolosi would be surprised to hear that his work is not based at least originally in psychoanalysis. Some people do reorientation therapy without a psychoanalytic base but reparative therapy -- Nicolosi&#039;s term for it -- is based in the reparative drive which is a psychoanalytic concept. A quick read of Nicolosi&#039;s first book will be all anyone needs to see that.
RE: research - you can either keep cursing the darkness or light a candle. Whining about the political situation in the 90s will not change the situation currently. The situation is much different than even when Nick edited his book. His voice actually had something to do with that change. Things have changed but NARTH keeps fighting old battles with the straw men they set up.
I agree that the ACA, and NASW are hostile places for evangelicals but if NARTH would see what has changed within APA, they might find conditions which are fair. However, they keep flailing away.
In other words, research is possible for those who want to do it. For those who want to live in the past, just keep doing what you&#039;re doing.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George &#8211; I think Nicolosi would be surprised to hear that his work is not based at least originally in psychoanalysis. Some people do reorientation therapy without a psychoanalytic base but reparative therapy &#8212; Nicolosi&#8217;s term for it &#8212; is based in the reparative drive which is a psychoanalytic concept. A quick read of Nicolosi&#8217;s first book will be all anyone needs to see that.<br />
RE: research &#8211; you can either keep cursing the darkness or light a candle. Whining about the political situation in the 90s will not change the situation currently. The situation is much different than even when Nick edited his book. His voice actually had something to do with that change. Things have changed but NARTH keeps fighting old battles with the straw men they set up.<br />
I agree that the ACA, and NASW are hostile places for evangelicals but if NARTH would see what has changed within APA, they might find conditions which are fair. However, they keep flailing away.<br />
In other words, research is possible for those who want to do it. For those who want to live in the past, just keep doing what you&#8217;re doing.</p>
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		<title>
		By: ken		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91738</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ken]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91738</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[George Ribble#   ~ Jul 3, 2011 at 12:25 pm
&quot;Warren&#8211;Call it what you will, your thinking is still flawed. Repressed memory therapy may rely on psychoanalysis, reparative therapy does not. Your comparing apples to oranges. There&#039;s still no fit.&quot;
It was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; who brought up repressed memory in this thread, not Warren.  then you go off on some pointless tangent about whether reparative therapy is or isn&#039;t psychoanalytic (which btw, Nicolosi HAS claimed it IS).
further, I think the reason you are going off on this tangent is so you can avoid the real issue that the Boxturtle/CNN report on Reker&#039;s research brought up, which is that it is wrong, and that calls into question all the later claims by many people (esp. those in NARTH) who held this study up as proof homosexuality could be averted/changed.
As to your Cummings quote, you never answered my question:
Do you believe Cummings gave an accurate representation of the removal of homosexuality from the DSM?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George Ribble#   ~ Jul 3, 2011 at 12:25 pm<br />
&#8220;Warren&#8211;Call it what you will, your thinking is still flawed. Repressed memory therapy may rely on psychoanalysis, reparative therapy does not. Your comparing apples to oranges. There&#8217;s still no fit.&#8221;<br />
It was <strong><em>you</em></strong> who brought up repressed memory in this thread, not Warren.  then you go off on some pointless tangent about whether reparative therapy is or isn&#8217;t psychoanalytic (which btw, Nicolosi HAS claimed it IS).<br />
further, I think the reason you are going off on this tangent is so you can avoid the real issue that the Boxturtle/CNN report on Reker&#8217;s research brought up, which is that it is wrong, and that calls into question all the later claims by many people (esp. those in NARTH) who held this study up as proof homosexuality could be averted/changed.<br />
As to your Cummings quote, you never answered my question:<br />
Do you believe Cummings gave an accurate representation of the removal of homosexuality from the DSM?</p>
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		By: ken		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91739</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ken]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91739</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Maddeson#   ~ Jun 27, 2011 at 2:23 am
&quot;a) specify exactly what is likely to change
feelings, attractions, etc
b) specify how likely is it that change (described in a)) will actually happen
For the authetically motivated, many or most.&quot;
Do you have any peer-reviewed research to support these claims?  Because from what little I&#039;ve been able to find, changes in orientation (what you are describing in your answer to a) ) rarely (if ever) happen.
&quot;c) be clear about potential unintended consequences of trying to change
Same as any other therapy: minimal but not zero.&quot;
There is anecdotal evidence (again because there is little reliable research) that there can be some very severe consequences (depression, loss of religious faith, even suicide).   Hopefully, the more severe consequences occur very rarely.
&quot;d) not attempt to force children to change because the children&#039;s parents don&#039;t like
that they are gay.
This is a tricky one because it certainly helps to address it earlier &quot;
And you base this claim about addressing it earlier, on what ?  I certainly hope it isn&#039;t Reker&#039;s research.  Further, aside from the moral issues, it will likely violate the &quot;highly motivated&quot; criteria you gave earlier.
&quot;e) not use nebulous claims of change to discriminate against gays.
I don&#039;t think this happens too much.&quot;
and I think you just don&#039;t want to know about it.  Reker&#039;s (and others) have testified in court cases to prevent gays from becoming foster or adoptive parents.  In one case (AZ I believe) he argued families with any adult male in the household shouldn&#039;t be allowed to foster.   The Prop 8 campaign also used such claims in some of their arguments.   And these are just the recent cases.
&quot;Also understand that the gay community is overly critical of SOCE.&quot;
it is not just the gay community.  And I wouldn&#039;t say &quot;overly&quot; critical.
&quot;Here&#039;s what I askof ken and others to include a disclaimer in all posts: without consideration, I reject anything to do with SOCE because it compromises my political wishes.&quot;
Again more false assumptions.  I challenge conversion therapy because it is not based on science and makes many unfounded claims.   You seem to be the only person here who doesn&#039;t really consider what you are saying.  And I would say your political views are effecting your judgment far more than mine are.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Maddeson#   ~ Jun 27, 2011 at 2:23 am<br />
&#8220;a) specify exactly what is likely to change<br />
feelings, attractions, etc<br />
b) specify how likely is it that change (described in a)) will actually happen<br />
For the authetically motivated, many or most.&#8221;<br />
Do you have any peer-reviewed research to support these claims?  Because from what little I&#8217;ve been able to find, changes in orientation (what you are describing in your answer to a) ) rarely (if ever) happen.<br />
&#8220;c) be clear about potential unintended consequences of trying to change<br />
Same as any other therapy: minimal but not zero.&#8221;<br />
There is anecdotal evidence (again because there is little reliable research) that there can be some very severe consequences (depression, loss of religious faith, even suicide).   Hopefully, the more severe consequences occur very rarely.<br />
&#8220;d) not attempt to force children to change because the children&#8217;s parents don&#8217;t like<br />
that they are gay.<br />
This is a tricky one because it certainly helps to address it earlier &#8221;<br />
And you base this claim about addressing it earlier, on what ?  I certainly hope it isn&#8217;t Reker&#8217;s research.  Further, aside from the moral issues, it will likely violate the &#8220;highly motivated&#8221; criteria you gave earlier.<br />
&#8220;e) not use nebulous claims of change to discriminate against gays.<br />
I don&#8217;t think this happens too much.&#8221;<br />
and I think you just don&#8217;t want to know about it.  Reker&#8217;s (and others) have testified in court cases to prevent gays from becoming foster or adoptive parents.  In one case (AZ I believe) he argued families with any adult male in the household shouldn&#8217;t be allowed to foster.   The Prop 8 campaign also used such claims in some of their arguments.   And these are just the recent cases.<br />
&#8220;Also understand that the gay community is overly critical of SOCE.&#8221;<br />
it is not just the gay community.  And I wouldn&#8217;t say &#8220;overly&#8221; critical.<br />
&#8220;Here&#8217;s what I askof ken and others to include a disclaimer in all posts: without consideration, I reject anything to do with SOCE because it compromises my political wishes.&#8221;<br />
Again more false assumptions.  I challenge conversion therapy because it is not based on science and makes many unfounded claims.   You seem to be the only person here who doesn&#8217;t really consider what you are saying.  And I would say your political views are effecting your judgment far more than mine are.</p>
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		By: Jayhuck		</title>
		<link>https://wthrockmorton.com/2011/06/10/sissy-boy-experiment-part-3-nicolosi-defends-reparative-therapy/#comment-91741</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jayhuck]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 20:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wthrockmorton.com/?p=9492#comment-91741</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[George,
&lt;blockquote&gt;The process followed back then that removed homosexuality from the DSM established forever that psychiatric diagnoses could be negotiated by political fiat.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Did you ever ask yourself why homosexuality was included in the first place?  Your extreme bias is showing in almost everything you post on this subject.
From wikipedia:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Psychology was one of the first disciplines to study homosexuality as a discrete phenomenon. Prior to and throughout most of the 20th century, common standard psychology viewed homosexuality in terms of pathological models as a mental illness. That classification began to be subjected to critical scrutiny in the research, which consistently failed to produce any empirical or scientific basis for regarding homosexuality as a disorder or abnormality. As a result of such accumulated research, professionals in medicine, mental health, and the behavioral and social sciences, opposing the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder, claimed the conclusion that it was inaccurate, and that the DSM classification reflected untested assumptions that were based on once-prevalent social norms and clinical impressions from unrepresentative samples which consisted of patients seeking therapy and individuals whose conduct brought them into the criminal justice system.[1]&lt;/blockquote&gt;
There was more at work in the removal of homosexuality from the DSM than simply politics, but focusing on the politics, as most fringe religious conservatives like to do, helps them to ignore the science and the more legitimate academic arguments for its removal.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George,</p>
<blockquote><p>The process followed back then that removed homosexuality from the DSM established forever that psychiatric diagnoses could be negotiated by political fiat.</p></blockquote>
<p>Did you ever ask yourself why homosexuality was included in the first place?  Your extreme bias is showing in almost everything you post on this subject.<br />
From wikipedia:</p>
<blockquote><p>Psychology was one of the first disciplines to study homosexuality as a discrete phenomenon. Prior to and throughout most of the 20th century, common standard psychology viewed homosexuality in terms of pathological models as a mental illness. That classification began to be subjected to critical scrutiny in the research, which consistently failed to produce any empirical or scientific basis for regarding homosexuality as a disorder or abnormality. As a result of such accumulated research, professionals in medicine, mental health, and the behavioral and social sciences, opposing the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder, claimed the conclusion that it was inaccurate, and that the DSM classification reflected untested assumptions that were based on once-prevalent social norms and clinical impressions from unrepresentative samples which consisted of patients seeking therapy and individuals whose conduct brought them into the criminal justice system.[1]</p></blockquote>
<p>There was more at work in the removal of homosexuality from the DSM than simply politics, but focusing on the politics, as most fringe religious conservatives like to do, helps them to ignore the science and the more legitimate academic arguments for its removal.</p>
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