The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable institution and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local self-governing bodies.

Which is strange because Jinnah argued for a rather secular Pakistan, one in which religion would fade into the background politically and whether one was Muslim or Hindu, one would just be Pakistani.

Freedom of Speech from the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:

19. Freedom of speech, etc.

Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, [commission of] or incitement to an offence.

While religious freedom is well written into the Constitution, one later finds a Constitutional policy towards Islam:

31.Islamic way of life.

(1) Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan, individually and collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and basic concepts of Islam and to provide facilities whereby they may be enabled to understand the meaning of life according to the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

(2) The state shall endeavour, as respects the Muslims of Pakistan, :

(a) to make the teaching of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory, to encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language and to secure correct and exact printing and publishing of the Holy Quran;

(b) to promote unity and the observance of the Islamic moral standards; and

(c ) to secure the proper organisation of zakat, [ushr,] auqaf and mosques.

Then there are the “Islamic Provisions,” which are not supposed to apply to non-Muslims. Islam attempts to be tolerant of other faiths but in the end it seems to have a problem concerning true religious freedoms. And I think one must remember that Pakistan as a modern republic was forged in the conflict that occurred in 1946 during the split with Hindu India.

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The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable institution and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local self-governing bodies.

Which is strange because Jinnah argued for a rather secular Pakistan, one in which religion would fade into the background politically and whether one was Muslim or Hindu, one would just be Pakistani.

Freedom of Speech from the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:

19. Freedom of speech, etc.

Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, [commission of] or incitement to an offence.

While religious freedom is well written into the Constitution, one later finds a Constitutional policy towards Islam:

31.Islamic way of life.

(1) Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan, individually and collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and basic concepts of Islam and to provide facilities whereby they may be enabled to understand the meaning of life according to the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

(2) The state shall endeavour, as respects the Muslims of Pakistan, :

(a) to make the teaching of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory, to encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language and to secure correct and exact printing and publishing of the Holy Quran;

(b) to promote unity and the observance of the Islamic moral standards; and

(c ) to secure the proper organisation of zakat, [ushr,] auqaf and mosques.

Then there are the “Islamic Provisions,” which are not supposed to apply to non-Muslims. Islam attempts to be tolerant of other faiths but in the end it seems to have a problem concerning true religious freedoms. And I think one must remember that Pakistan as a modern republic was forged in the conflict that occurred in 1946 during the split with Hindu India.

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